References

Lilienfeld, S.O., and Arkowitz, H.A., (2006). EMDR: Taking a closer look. Scientific American Mind. Vol.17, Iss.6, pp.80-81.

^ a b c Shapiro, Francine (1995). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: basic principles, protocols, and procedures. New York: Guilford Press. pp. 398. ISBN 0-89862-960-8.

^ Lilienfeld & Arkowitz, 2007

^ a b Maxfield, L. (2003). "Clinical implications and recommendations arising from EMDR research findings", Journal of Trauma Practice, 2, 61-81.

^ Louise Maxfield; Shapiro, Francine; Kaslow, Florence Whiteman (2007). Handbook of EMDR and Family Therapy Processes. New York: Wiley. pp. 504. ISBN 0471709476.

^ Phillips, Maggie, (2000). Finding the Energy to Heal: How EMDR, hypnosis, TFT, imagery, and body focused therapy can help restore the mind body health. NY:Nortonn.com

^ Shapiro, F. & Maxfield, L. (2002). "Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Information processing in the treatment of trauma", Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58, 933-948.

^ a b Herbert, Lilienfield et al. "Science and Pseudoscience in the development of eye movement and reprocessing: Implications for Clinical Psychology", Clinical Psychology Review, Vol.20, No.8, pp945-971, 2000 PMID1098395

^ [1] Traumatology, Vol. 9, No. 3 (September 2003) 169. EMDR: Why the Controversy? Charlotte Sikes and Victoria Sikes

^ a b Andrade, J.; Kavanagh, D.; Baddeley, A. (2001), "Eye-movements and visual imagery: A working memory approach to the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder", Journal of Clinical Psychology 36: 209-223

^ a b c Barrowcliff, A.L.; Gray, N. S., Freeman, T. C. A., & MacCulloch, M. J. (2004). "Eye-movements reduce the vividness, emotional valence and electrodermal arousal associated with negative autobiographical memories". Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology 15: 325-354. doi:10.1080/14789940410001673042.

^ Kavanagh, D. J., Freese, S., Andrade, J., & May, J. (2001). "Effects of visuospatial tasks on desensitization to emotive memories", British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 40(3), 267-280.

^ van den Hout, M., Muris, P., Salemink, E., & Kindt, M. (2001. "Autobiographical memories become less vivid and emotional after eye movements", British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 40(2), 121-130.

^ Christman S.D., Garvey K.J., Propper R.E., Phaneuf K.A. (2003. "Bilateral eye movements enhance the retrieval of episodic memories", Neuropsychology 17 (2): 221-9. PMID 12803427

^ Kuiken, D., et al. (2001), "Eye movement desensitization reprocessing facilitates attentional orienting", Imagination, Cognition & Personality, 21(1): p. 3-20.

^ Elofsson, U. O. E., von Scheele, B., Theorell, T., & Sondergaard, H. P. (2008). "Physiological correlates of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing", Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22:622-634. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.05.012

^ Sack, M., Lempa, W., Steinmetz, A. Lamprecht, F., Hofmann, A. (in press). "Alterations in autonomic tone during trauma exposure using Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) - results of a preliminary investigation", Journal of Anxiety Disorders (2007), doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.01.007

^ Wilson, D., Silver, S. M., Covi, W., & Foster, S. (1996). "Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Effectiveness and autonomic correlates", Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 27(3), 219-229.

^ Lee, C. W., & Drummond, P.D. (in press). "Effects of Eye Movement versus Therapist Instructions on the Processing of Distressing Memories", Journal of Anxiety Disorders, (2007)doi:10.1016/J.janxdis.2007.08.007

^ Shapiro, Francine (2001). Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Second Edition: Basic Principles, Protocols, and Procedures. New York: The Guilford Press. pp. 472. ISBN 1572306726.

^ a b Stickgold R (2002). "EMDR: a putative neurobiological mechanism of action". Journal of clinical psychology 58 (1): 61-75. doi:10.1002/jclp.1129. PMID 11748597.

^ Christman SD, Garvey KJ, Propper RE, Phaneuf KA (2003). "Bilateral eye movements enhance the retrieval of episodic memories". Neuropsychology 17 (2): 221-9. doi:10.1037/0894-4105.17.2.221. PMID 12803427.

^ Kuiken, D., et al., Eye movement desensitization reprocessing facilitates attentional orienting. Imagination, Cognition & Personality, 2001. 21(1): p. 3-20.

^ MacCulloch, M.J. and P. Feldman, Eye Movement Desensitisation Treatment Utilises the Positive Viscereal Element of the Investigatory Reflex to Inhibit the Memories of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: a Theoretical Analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1996. 169(5): p. 571-579.

^ Wilson DL, Silver SM, Covi WG, Foster S (1996). "Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: effectiveness and autonomic correlates". Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry 27 (3): 219-29. doi:10.1016/S0005-7916(96)00026-2. PMID 8959423.

^ Sack, M., Lempa, W., Steinmetz, A. Lamprecht, F., Hofmann, A. (in press). Alterations in autonomic tone during trauma exposure using Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) - results of a preliminary investigation. Journal of Anxiety Disorders (2007), doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.01.007

^ Lansing K, Amen DG, Hanks C, Rudy L (2005). "High-resolution brain SPECT imaging and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in police officers with PTSD". The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences 17 (4): 526-32. doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.17.4.526. PMID 16387993.

^ Levin P, Lazrove S, van der Kolk B (1999). "What psychological testing and neuroimaging tell us about the treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder by Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing". Journal of anxiety disorders 13 (1-2): 159-72. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(98)00045-0. PMID 10225506.

^ Kinsbourne, M., Evolution of language in relation to lateral action., in Asymmetrical function of the brain., M. Kinsbourne, Editor. 1978, New York Cambridge University Press. p. 553-556.

^ American Psychiatric Association (2004). Practice Guideline for the treatment of patients with acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association Practice Guidelines.

^ Department of Veteran Affairs & Department of Defense (2004) ([dead link] - Scholar search), VA/DoD clinical practice guideline for the management of post-traumatic stress, Washington, DC: Author

^ Australian Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health. (2007), Australian guidelines for the treatment of adults with acute stress disorder and post traumatic stress disorder, Melbourne, Victoria: ACPTMH.

^ National Institute for Clinical Excellence (2005), Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): The management of adults and children in primary and secondary care, London: NICE Guidelines

^ Dutch National Steering Committee Guidelines Mental Health and Care., Guidelines for the diagnosis treatment and management of adult clients with an anxiety disorder, Utrecht, Netherlands: The Dutch Institute for Healthcare Improvement (CBO)

^ Foa, E.B.; Keane, T.M.; Friedman, M.J. (2000), Effective treatments for PTST: Practice guidelines of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, New York: Guilford Press

^ Bleich, A.; Kolter, M.; Kutz, E.; Shaley, A. (2002), A position paper of the (Israeli) National Council for Mental Health: Guidelines for the assessment and professional intervention with terror victime in the hospital and the community, Jerusalem, Israel.

^ United Kingdom Department of Health (2001), Treatment choice in psychological therapies and counseling evidence based on clinical practice guideline, London: Author

^ van Etten, M. L., & Taylor, S. (1998). Comparative Efficacy of Treatments for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A Meta-Analysis. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 5, 126-144. Full text available PDF

^ Bradley R, Greene J, Russ E, Dutra L, Westen D (2005). "A multidimensional meta-analysis of psychotherapy for PTSD". The American journal of psychiatry 162 (2): 214-27. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.2.214. PMID 15677582.

^ Seidler GH, Wagner FE (2006). "Comparing the efficacy of EMDR and trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of PTSD: a meta-analytic study". Psychological medicine 36 (11): 1515-22. doi:10.1017/S0033291706007963. PMID 16740177.

^ Bisson JI, Ehlers A, Matthews R, Pilling S, Richards D, Turner S (2007). "Psychological treatments for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder. Systematic review and meta-analysis". The British Journal of Psychiatry : the journal of mental science 190: 97-104. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.106.021402. PMID 17267924.

^ Marcus, S., P. Marquis, and C. Sakai, Three- and 6-Month Follow-Up of EMDR Treatment of PTSD in an HMO Setting. International Journal of Stress Management, 2004. 11(3): p. 195-208.

^ Edmond, T., L. Sloan, and D. McCarty, Sexual Abuse Survivors' Perceptions of the Effectiveness of EMDR and Eclectic Therapy. Research on Social Work Practice, 2004. 14(4): p. 259-272.

^ Edmond, T., A. Rubin, and K. Wambach, The effectiveness of EMDR with adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Social Work Research, 1999. 23(2): p. 103-116.

^ van der Kolk BA, Spinazzola J, Blaustein ME, et al. (2007). "A randomized clinical trial of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), fluoxetine, and pill placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: treatment effects and long-term maintenance". The Journal of clinical psychiatry 68 (1): 37-46. PMID 17284128.

^ Lee, C., et al., Treatment of PTSD: Stress inoculation training with prolonged exposure compared to EMDR. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2002. 58(9): p. 1071-1089. PMID 12209866

^ Ironson, G., et al., Comparison for two treatments for traumatic stress: A community-based study of EMDR and prolonged exposure. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2002. 58(1): p. 113-128.

^ Power, K.G., et al., A controlled comparison of eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing versus exposure plus cognitive restructuring, versus waiting list in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 2002. 9(5): p. 299-318.

^ Rothbaum, B.O., M.C. Astin, and F. Marsteller, Prolonged Exposure Vs Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) for PTSD Rape Victims. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 2005. 18(6): p. 607-616.

^ Foa, E.B. and E.A. Meadows, Psychosocial treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder: A critical review. Annual Review of Psychology, 1997. 48: p. 449-480.

^ Taylor S, Thordarson DS, Maxfield L, Fedoroff IC, Lovell K, Ogrodniczuk J (2003). "Comparative efficacy, speed, and adverse effects of three PTSD treatments: exposure therapy, EMDR, and relaxation training". Journal of consulting and clinical psychology 71 (2): 330-8. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.71.2.330. PMID 12699027.

^ Jaberghaderi, N., et al., A Comparison of CBT and EMDR for Sexually-abused Iranian Girls. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 2004. 11(5): p. 358-368.

^ De Jongh A, Ten Broeke E, Renssen MR (1999). "Treatment of specific phobias with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR): protocol, empirical status, and conceptual issues". Journal of anxiety disorders 13 (1-2): 69-85. PMID 10225501.

^ Manfield, Philip. (2003). EMDR Casebook. NY: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.

^ a b Tinker, R., & Wilson S., (1999) Through the eyes of a child: EMDR with children. NY: Norton.

^ a b Greenwald, R.,(1999). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in child and adolescent psychotherapy. NY: Norton.

^ Scott, Catherine V.; Briere, John (2006). Principles of Trauma Therapy : A Guide to Symptoms, Evaluation, and Treatment. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. pp. 312. ISBN 0-7619-2921-5.

^ Grand, D., (2001) Emotional Healing at Warp Speed: The Power of EMDR. NY: Harmony Books.

^ Jim Hopper of Harvard University writes: "EMDR was aggressively marketed before much research had been conducted on it, with some fairly extreme statements about its ability to 'cure' PTSD in a few sessions, and without significant effort to explain how it works in terms of widely accepted academic theories. Thus it was inevitable that EMDR would be criticized (and at times viciously attacked) by some academic researchers - an outcome easily understood by anyone familiar with academic politics and the tendencies for conflict between therapists and researchers in the field of clinical psychology." Hopper, Jim. "Child Abuse: Statistics, Research and Resources" Updated 10/6/2008, URL retrieved 07 Aug 2009

^ Devilly, G.J., & Spence, S.H. (1999). The relative efficacy and treatment distress of EMDR and a cognitive behavioral trauma treatment protocol in the amelioration of post traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 13, 131-157[2]

^ Devilly, G.J. (2002). Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: A chronology of its development and scientific standing. Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice, 1, 113-138 [3]

^ Bisson, J. I., Ehlers, A., Matthews, R., Pilling, S., Richards, D., & Turner, S. (2007). Psychological treatments for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder: Systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 190(2), 97-104.

^ Bradley, R., Greene, J., Russ, E., Dutra, L., & Westen, D. (2005). A Multidimensional Meta-Analysis of Psychotherapy for PTSD. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(2), 214-227.

^ Seidler, G. H., & Wagner, F. E. (2006). Comparing the efficacy of EMDR and trauma-focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in the Treatment of PTSD: a meta-analytic study Psychological Medicine 36 1515-1522.

^ van Etten, M. L., & Taylor, S. (1998). Comparative Efficacy of Treatments for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A Meta-Analysis. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 5, 126-144.

^ Davidson PR, Parker KC (2001). "Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): a meta-analysis". Journal of consulting and clinical psychology 69 (2): 305-16.

^ Cahill SP, Carrigan MH, Frueh BC (1999). "Does EMDR work? And if so, why?: a critical review of controlled outcome and dismantling research". Journal of anxiety disorders 13 (1-2): 5-33.

^ Lee, C. W., & Drummond, P.D. (in press). Effects of Eye Movement versus Therapist Instructions on the Processing of Distressing Memories, Journal of Anxiety Disorders, (2007)doi:10.1016/J.janxdis.2007.08.007

^ Shapiro, F. (1989). "Efficacy of the eye movement desensitization procedure in the treatment of traumtic memories". Journal of Traumatic Stress Studies 2: 199-223.

^ Boudewyns, P.A.; Stwertka, S. A., Hyer, L. A., Albrecht, J. W., & Sperr, E. V. (1993). "Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A treatment outcome pilot study". The Behavior Therapist 16: 30-33.

^ Gosselin, P.; Matthews, W.J. (1995). "Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of test anxiety: A study of the effects of expectancy and eye movement". Journal of Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry 26 (4): 331-337. doi:10.1016/0005-7916(95)00038-0.

^ Wilson, D.; Silver, S.M.; Covi, W.; Foster, S. (1996). "Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Effectiveness and autonomic correlates". Journal of Behaviour Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 27: 219-229. doi:10.1016/S0005-7916(96)00026-2.

^ MacCulloch, M. (2006). Effects of EMDR on previously abused child molesters: Theoretical reviews and preliminary findings from Ricci, Clayton, and Shapiro. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 17(4), 531-537.

^ Salkovskis P (2002). "Review: eye movement desensitization and reprocessing is not better than exposure therapies for anxiety or trauma". Evidence-based mental health 5 (1): 13.

^ Kavanagh, D.J.; Freese, S.; Andrade, J.; May, J. (2001), "Effects of visuospatial tasks on desensitization to emotive memories", British Journal of Clinical Psychology 40 (3): 267-280, doi:10.1348/014466501163689

^ van den Hout, M.; Muris, P.; Salemink, E.; Kindt, M. (2001), "Autobiographical memories become less vivid and emotional after eye movements", British Journal of Clinical Psychology 40 (2): 121-130, doi:10.1348/014466501163571

^ Christman, S.D.; Garvey, K. J., Propper, R. E., & Phaneuf, K. A. (2003). "Bilateral eye movements enhance the retrieval of episodic memories". Neuropsychology 17: 221-229. doi:10.1037/0894-4105.17.2.221. ISBN 0894-4105/03/$12.00.

^ Barrowcliff, A.L.; Gray, N. S., MacCulloch, S., Freeman, T. C. A., & MacCulloch, M. J. (2003). "Horizontal rhythmical eye-movements consistently diminish the arousal provoked by auditory stimuli". British Journal of Clinical Psychology 42: 289-302. doi:10.1348/01446650360703393.

^ Sack, M., Lempa, W., Steinmetz, A. Lamprecht, F., Hofmann, A. (in press). Alterations in autonomic tone during trauma exposure using Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) - results of a preliminary investigation. Journal of Anxiety Disorders (2007), doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.01.007

^ Kuiken,, D., et al. (2001). "Eye movement desensitization reprocessing facilitates attentional orienting". Imagination, Cognition & Personality 21 (1): 3-20 ,. doi:10.2190/L8JX-PGLC-B72R-KD7X.

^ Rogers S, Silver SM (2002). "Is EMDR an exposure therapy? A review of trauma protocols". Journal of clinical psychology 58 (1): 43-59. doi:10.1002/jclp.1128. PMID 11748596.

^ Smyth, N.J. and A.D. Poole, EMDR and cognitive-behavior therapy: Exploring convergence and divergence, in EMDR as an integrative psychotherapy approach: Experts of diverse orientations explore the paradigm prism, F. Shapiro, Editor. 2002, American Psychological Association: Washington, DC. p. 151-180.

^ Lee, C.W., G. Taylor, and P. Drummond, The active ingredient in EMDR; is it traditional exposure or dual focus of attention? Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 2006. 13: p. 97-107.

^ Jaycox LH, Foa EB, Morral AR (1998). "Influence of emotional engagement and habituation on exposure therapy for PTSD". Journal of consulting and clinical psychology 66 (1): 185-92. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.66.1.185. PMID 9489273.

^ Lee, C.W., G. Taylor, and P. Drummond, The active ingredient in EMDR; is it traditional exposure or dual focus of attention? Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 2006. 13: p. 97-107.

Source: Wikipedia